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superdex 200  (Danaher Inc)
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Danaher Inc superdex 200
Superdex 200, supplied by Danaher Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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3d laser printer  (Formlabs Inc)
86
Formlabs Inc 3d laser printer
3d Laser Printer, supplied by Formlabs Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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3b sla 3d printer  (Formlabs Inc)
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Formlabs Inc 3b sla 3d printer
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stereolithographic 3d printer  (Formlabs Inc)
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form 3b  (Formlabs Inc)
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reverse stereolithography form 3b  (Formlabs Inc)
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t5 caption a7 yeast strains kanb 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d pos itc flc c albicans atcc 10231  (ATCC)
97
ATCC t5 caption a7 yeast strains kanb 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d pos itc flc c albicans atcc 10231
MIC Values ( μ g/mL) a of KANA, <t> KANB, </t> 3a–e, and 4c, d against Various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains
T5 Caption A7 Yeast Strains Kanb 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d Pos Itc Flc C Albicans Atcc 10231, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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t5 caption a7 yeast strains kanb 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d pos itc flc c albicans atcc 10231 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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3d model  (3B Scientific)
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3B Scientific 3d model
MIC Values ( μ g/mL) a of KANA, <t> KANB, </t> 3a–e, and 4c, d against Various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains
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3d printing process  (Formlabs Inc)
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Formlabs Inc 3d printing process
Multiaxial curvature engineering on <t>3d</t> ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating <t>the</t> <t>microfluidic</t> technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).
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comsol multiphysics 4.3b  (COMSOL Inc)
90
COMSOL Inc comsol multiphysics 4.3b
Multiaxial curvature engineering on <t>3d</t> ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating <t>the</t> <t>microfluidic</t> technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).
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stereolithography based 3d printing  (Formlabs Inc)
86
Formlabs Inc stereolithography based 3d printing
Multiaxial curvature engineering on <t>3d</t> ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating <t>the</t> <t>microfluidic</t> technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).
Stereolithography Based 3d Printing, supplied by Formlabs Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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stereolithography based 3d printing - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
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hek 293t  (Verlag GmbH)
90
Verlag GmbH hek 293t
Multiaxial curvature engineering on <t>3d</t> ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating <t>the</t> <t>microfluidic</t> technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).
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Image Search Results


MIC Values ( μ g/mL) a of KANA, KANB, 3a–e, and 4c, d against Various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC Values ( μ g/mL) a of KANA, KANB, 3a–e, and 4c, d against Various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

Bar graph displaying the relative initial rates of reactions of the various AMEs with KANB and its derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d. Rates are normalized to KANB.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bar graph displaying the relative initial rates of reactions of the various AMEs with KANB and its derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d. Rates are normalized to KANB.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

MIC Values ( μ g/mL) Determined for KANB, Its Derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d, and Three Control Antifungal Agents (POS, ITC, and FLC) against Various Yeast Strains and Filamentous Fungi a

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC Values ( μ g/mL) Determined for KANB, Its Derivatives 3a–e and 4c, d, and Three Control Antifungal Agents (POS, ITC, and FLC) against Various Yeast Strains and Filamentous Fungi a

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Control

Representative time-kill studies of KANB derivatives 3c and 3d against azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (strain B). (A) Cultures were exposed to 3c at 8 μg/mL (○), 16 μg/mL (▼), and 32 μg/mL (△). (B) Cultures were exposed to 3d at 2 μg/mL (○), 4 μg/mL (▼), and 8 μg/mL (△). In both panels, cultures were exposed to AmB at 1 μg/mL (■) or to a no drug control (●).

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative time-kill studies of KANB derivatives 3c and 3d against azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (strain B). (A) Cultures were exposed to 3c at 8 μg/mL (○), 16 μg/mL (▼), and 32 μg/mL (△). (B) Cultures were exposed to 3d at 2 μg/mL (○), 4 μg/mL (▼), and 8 μg/mL (△). In both panels, cultures were exposed to AmB at 1 μg/mL (■) or to a no drug control (●).

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Control

(A) Representative dose-dependent membrane permeabilization effects of KANB and its derivatives 3c and 3d on azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (B). From top to bottom: Propidium iodine (PI) dye uptake by yeast cells without drug, with KANB (62.5 μg/mL), with 3c (1× and 2× MIC), and with 3d (1× and 2× MIC). (B) Quantitative representation of the images shown in panel A.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative dose-dependent membrane permeabilization effects of KANB and its derivatives 3c and 3d on azole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 64124 (B). From top to bottom: Propidium iodine (PI) dye uptake by yeast cells without drug, with KANB (62.5 μg/mL), with 3c (1× and 2× MIC), and with 3d (1× and 2× MIC). (B) Quantitative representation of the images shown in panel A.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Membrane

Hemolytic activity of KANB, gramicidin, amphotericin B (AmB), and 3a–e on mouse red blood cells.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemolytic activity of KANB, gramicidin, amphotericin B (AmB), and 3a–e on mouse red blood cells.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Mammalian cell cytotoxicity of KANB and its derivatives 3a–d against (A) A549 cell line and (B) BEAS-2B cell line.

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Kanamycin B-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01375

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mammalian cell cytotoxicity of KANB and its derivatives 3a–d against (A) A549 cell line and (B) BEAS-2B cell line.

Article Snippet: This is in agreement with our results showing that, as with bacteria, 3d may also be able to delay the development of resistance by fungi ( Figure S27 ). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 yeast strains KANB 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 4c 4d POS ITC FLC C. albicans ATCC 10231 ( A ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 0.5 0.5 62.5 C. albicans ATCC 64124 ( B ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 >62.5 >62.5 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876 ( C ) c >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 31.2 3.9 7.8 7.8 15.6 C. albicans ATCC 90819 ( D ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 15.6 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-2310 ( E ) c >125 >125 62.5 7.8 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 31.2 31.2 >125 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1237 ( F ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 C. albicans ATCC MYA-1003 ( G ) b >125 >125 125 31.2 7.8 3.9 62.5 7.8 15.6 31.2 62.5 Filamentous Fungi Aspergillus nidulans ATCC 38163 ( H ) >125 15.6 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 1.95 3.9 1.95 ≤1.95 ≤1.95 >62.5 Open in a separate window a All experiments were performed in duplicate.

Techniques:

Multiaxial curvature engineering on 3d ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating the microfluidic technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Topology Outweighs Stiffness: Self-Reinforced Cell Mechanotransduction via Multiaxial Curvature Engineering of Ultrasoft Hydrogels

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c19367

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multiaxial curvature engineering on 3d ultrasoft microgels for stem cell mechanosensing and tissue engineering applications. (a) Schematic illustrating the microfluidic technique for generating ultrasoft microgels with a multiaxial curvature via the SICE process. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images comparing the surface morphology of smooth and SICE-treated multiaxial curvature microgels across different sizes. Scale bar: 100 μm. (c) Color map showcasing the curvature features of 3D microgels with varied curvature conditions. The scale bars indicate 20 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from left to right. (d,e) Quantitative analysis of the size ( N = 30–50), stiffness ( N = 10), and curvature of 3D microgels ( N = 3). (f) Immunofluorescence staining of F-actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in hMSCs cultured on 3D microgels with different curvature conditions. (g) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on 3D microgels with varying curvature conditions. Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 7 days and stained with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dye to indicate early osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar: 500 μm. (h–i) Quantification of hMSCs’ spreading area ( N = 15–20, three technical replicates) and osteogenic differentiation (based on ALP activity) on 3D microgels ( N = 10–15, three technical replicates).

Article Snippet: The designed microfluidic chip is illustrated in Figure S14 and is fabricated using a 3D printing process (Form 3B+, Formlabs).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Cell Culture, Activity Assay